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The use of electronic cigarettes (vaping) carries many health risks, especially for children, young adults, and pregnant women.[1][2] The risk depends on the composition of electronic cigarette aerosol and varies according to the contents of the liquid, the physical and electrical design of the device, and user behavior.[notes 1][4] As of 2019, the long-term risks of vaping are uncertain because it is a relatively new technology,[notes 2][6][7][8][9] although the long-term risks of some individual substances in vaping aerosols have been studied. In United Kingdom vaping is considered to be around 95% less harmful than tobacco in a landmark review by Public Health of England.[10]
E-cigarette vapor has a different composition than cigarette smoke, and can have lower levels of some toxic chemicals.[11][6][12][13][14] E-cigarettes reduce lung function, reduce cardiac muscle function, and increase inflammation.[15][16] Traditional cigarettes have a higher damage record than vaping but inhaling nicotine has its own consequences.[17] The deadly 2019–20 vaping lung illness outbreak in North America was likely primarily caused by vitamin E acetate in THC-containing vaping liquid.[18] Other unidentified chemicals may also cause vaping-associated pulmonary injury.[19] The relationship between nicotine vaping and tobacco smoking is an area of active study and debate; including the relative health risk, whether electronic cigarettes should be promoted as a less harmful alternative to smoking or as a means to quit nicotine entirely, and whether or not the availability of electronic cigarettes recruits more people into nicotine dependence. Nicotine vaping produces more carcinogens and toxic substances than a medically-approved nicotine inhaler.[20] Health concerns extend to nearby people inhaling the vapor exhaled by others, in the same way as second-hand smoke.[21]
E-cigarettes create vapor that consists of fine and ultrafine particulate matter,[3] propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, flavors, small amounts of toxicants,[3][22] carcinogens,[23] heavy metals, and metal nanoparticles.[3] The harmful effects of nicotine itself can include cardiovascular disease, possible birth defects, and poisoning.[24] E-liquid can be contaminated by various substances introduced during manufacturing,[25] or by metal particles from the container.[11] Carbonyl compounds such as carcinogenic formaldehyde can inadvertently be produced if nichrome wire heating element becomes too hot. This is more of a concern with higher voltage (5.0 V[22]) vaping devices, which can generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde compared to smoking[26] and during "dry-puffing".[27]
Aside from toxicity exposure in normal use, there are also risks from misuse or accidents.[11] Such accidents can be through nicotine poisoning (especially among small children[23]),[28] contact with liquid nicotine,[29] fires caused by vaporizer malfunction,[3] and battery explosions resulting from extended charging, unsuitable chargers, design flaws,[11] or user modifications.
The use of electronic cigarettes (vaping) carries many health risks, especially for children, young adults, and pregnant women.[1][2] The risk depends on the composition of electronic cigarette aerosol and varies according to the contents of the liquid, the physical and electrical design of the device, and user behavior.[notes 1][4] As of 2019, the long-term risks of vaping are uncertain because it is a relatively new technology,[notes 2][6][7][8][9] although the long-term risks of some individual substances in vaping aerosols have been studied. In United Kingdom vaping is considered to be around 95% less harmful than tobacco in a landmark review by Public Health of England.[10]
E-cigarette vapor has a different composition than cigarette smoke, and can have lower levels of some toxic chemicals.[11][6][12][13][14] E-cigarettes reduce lung function, reduce cardiac muscle function, and increase inflammation.[15][16] Traditional cigarettes have a higher damage record than vaping but inhaling nicotine has its own consequences.[17] The deadly 2019–20 vaping lung illness outbreak in North America was likely primarily caused by vitamin E acetate in THC-containing vaping liquid.[18] Other unidentified chemicals may also cause vaping-associated pulmonary injury.[19] The relationship between nicotine vaping and tobacco smoking is an area of active study and debate; including the relative health risk, whether electronic cigarettes should be promoted as a less harmful alternative to smoking or as a means to quit nicotine entirely, and whether or not the availability of electronic cigarettes recruits more people into nicotine dependence. Nicotine vaping produces more carcinogens and toxic substances than a medically-approved nicotine inhaler.[20] Health concerns extend to nearby people inhaling the vapor exhaled by others, in the same way as second-hand smoke.[21]
E-cigarettes create vapor that consists of fine and ultrafine particulate matter,[3] propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, flavors, small amounts of toxicants,[3][22] carcinogens,[23] heavy metals, and metal nanoparticles.[3] The harmful effects of nicotine itself can include cardiovascular disease, possible birth defects, and poisoning.[24] E-liquid can be contaminated by various substances introduced during manufacturing,[25] or by metal particles from the container.[11] Carbonyl compounds such as carcinogenic formaldehyde can inadvertently be produced if nichrome wire heating element becomes too hot. This is more of a concern with higher voltage (5.0 V[22]) vaping devices, which can generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde compared to smoking[26] and during "dry-puffing".[27]
Aside from toxicity exposure in normal use, there are also risks from misuse or accidents.[11] Such accidents can be through nicotine poisoning (especially among small children[23]),[28] contact with liquid nicotine,[29] fires caused by vaporizer malfunction,[3] and battery explosions resulting from extended charging, unsuitable chargers, design flaws,[11] or user modifications.
The use of electronic cigarettes (vaping) carries many health risks, especially for children, young adults, and pregnant women.[1][2] The risk depends on the composition of electronic cigarette aerosol and varies according to the contents of the liquid, the physical and electrical design of the device, and user behavior.[notes 1][4] As of 2019, the long-term risks of vaping are uncertain because it is a relatively new technology,[notes 2][6][7][8][9] although the long-term risks of some individual substances in vaping aerosols have been studied. In United Kingdom vaping is considered to be around 95% less harmful than tobacco in a landmark review by Public Health of England.[10]
E-cigarette vapor has a different composition than cigarette smoke, and can have lower levels of some toxic chemicals.[11][6][12][13][14] E-cigarettes reduce lung function, reduce cardiac muscle function, and increase inflammation.[15][16] Traditional cigarettes have a higher damage record than vaping but inhaling nicotine has its own consequences.[17] The deadly 2019–20 vaping lung illness outbreak in North America was likely primarily caused by vitamin E acetate in THC-containing vaping liquid.[18] Other unidentified chemicals may also cause vaping-associated pulmonary injury.[19] The relationship between nicotine vaping and tobacco smoking is an area of active study and debate; including the relative health risk, whether electronic cigarettes should be promoted as a less harmful alternative to smoking or as a means to quit nicotine entirely, and whether or not the availability of electronic cigarettes recruits more people into nicotine dependence. Nicotine vaping produces more carcinogens and toxic substances than a medically-approved nicotine inhaler.[20] Health concerns extend to nearby people inhaling the vapor exhaled by others, in the same way as second-hand smoke.[21]
E-cigarettes create vapor that consists of fine and ultrafine particulate matter,[3] propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, flavors, small amounts of toxicants,[3][22] carcinogens,[23] heavy metals, and metal nanoparticles.[3] The harmful effects of nicotine itself can include cardiovascular disease, possible birth defects, and poisoning.[24] E-liquid can be contaminated by various substances introduced during manufacturing,[25] or by metal particles from the container.[11] Carbonyl compounds such as carcinogenic formaldehyde can inadvertently be produced if nichrome wire heating element becomes too hot. This is more of a concern with higher voltage (5.0 V[22]) vaping devices, which can generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde compared to smoking[26] and during "dry-puffing".[27]
Aside from toxicity exposure in normal use, there are also risks from misuse or accidents.[11] Such accidents can be through nicotine poisoning (especially among small children[23]),[28] contact with liquid nicotine,[29] fires caused by vaporizer malfunction,[3] and battery explosions resulting from extended charging, unsuitable chargers, design flaws,[11] or user modifications.
The use of electronic cigarettes (vaping) carries many health risks, especially for children, young adults, and pregnant women.[1][2] The risk depends on the composition of electronic cigarette aerosol and varies according to the contents of the liquid, the physical and electrical design of the device, and user behavior.[notes 1][4] As of 2019, the long-term risks of vaping are uncertain because it is a relatively new technology,[notes 2][6][7][8][9] although the long-term risks of some individual substances in vaping aerosols have been studied. In United Kingdom vaping is considered to be around 95% less harmful than tobacco in a landmark review by Public Health of England.[10]
E-cigarette vapor has a different composition than cigarette smoke, and can have lower levels of some toxic chemicals.[11][6][12][13][14] E-cigarettes reduce lung function, reduce cardiac muscle function, and increase inflammation.[15][16] Traditional cigarettes have a higher damage record than vaping but inhaling nicotine has its own consequences.[17] The deadly 2019–20 vaping lung illness outbreak in North America was likely primarily caused by vitamin E acetate in THC-containing vaping liquid.[18] Other unidentified chemicals may also cause vaping-associated pulmonary injury.[19] The relationship between nicotine vaping and tobacco smoking is an area of active study and debate; including the relative health risk, whether electronic cigarettes should be promoted as a less harmful alternative to smoking or as a means to quit nicotine entirely, and whether or not the availability of electronic cigarettes recruits more people into nicotine dependence. Nicotine vaping produces more carcinogens and toxic substances than a medically-approved nicotine inhaler.[20] Health concerns extend to nearby people inhaling the vapor exhaled by others, in the same way as second-hand smoke.[21]
E-cigarettes create vapor that consists of fine and ultrafine particulate matter,[3] propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, flavors, small amounts of toxicants,[3][22] carcinogens,[23] heavy metals, and metal nanoparticles.[3] The harmful effects of nicotine itself can include cardiovascular disease, possible birth defects, and poisoning.[24] E-liquid can be contaminated by various substances introduced during manufacturing,[25] or by metal particles from the container.[11] Carbonyl compounds such as carcinogenic formaldehyde can inadvertently be produced if nichrome wire heating element becomes too hot. This is more of a concern with higher voltage (5.0 V[22]) vaping devices, which can generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde compared to smoking[26] and during "dry-puffing".[27]
Aside from toxicity exposure in normal use, there are also risks from misuse or accidents.[11] Such accidents can be through nicotine poisoning (especially among small children[23]),[28] contact with liquid nicotine,[29] fires caused by vaporizer malfunction,[3] and battery explosions resulting from extended charging, unsuitable chargers, design flaws,[11] or user modifications.
E-cigarette vapor has a different composition than cigarette smoke, and can have lower levels of some toxic chemicals.[11][6][12][13][14] E-cigarettes reduce lung function, reduce cardiac muscle function, and increase inflammation.[15][16] Traditional cigarettes have a higher damage record than vaping but inhaling nicotine has its own consequences.[17] The deadly 2019–20 vaping lung illness outbreak in North America was likely primarily caused by vitamin E acetate in THC-containing vaping liquid.[18] Other unidentified chemicals may also cause vaping-associated pulmonary injury.[19] The relationship between nicotine vaping and tobacco smoking is an area of active study and debate; including the relative health risk, whether electronic cigarettes should be promoted as a less harmful alternative to smoking or as a means to quit nicotine entirely, and whether or not the availability of electronic cigarettes recruits more people into nicotine dependence. Nicotine vaping produces more carcinogens and toxic substances than a medically-approved nicotine inhaler.[20] Health concerns extend to nearby people inhaling the vapor exhaled by others, in the same way as second-hand smoke.[21]
E-cigarettes create vapor that consists of fine and ultrafine particulate matter,[3] propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, flavors, small amounts of toxicants,[3][22] carcinogens,[23] heavy metals, and metal nanoparticles.[3] The harmful effects of nicotine itself can include cardiovascular disease, possible birth defects, and poisoning.[24] E-liquid can be contaminated by various substances introduced during manufacturing,[25] or by metal particles from the container.[11] Carbonyl compounds such as carcinogenic formaldehyde can inadvertently be produced if nichrome wire heating element becomes too hot. This is more of a concern with higher voltage (5.0 V[22]) vaping devices, which can generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde compared to smoking[26] and during "dry-puffing".[27]
Aside from toxicity exposure in normal use, there are also risks from misuse or accidents.[11] Such accidents can be through nicotine poisoning (especially among small children[23]),[28] contact with liquid nicotine,[29] fires caused by vaporizer malfunction,[3] and battery explosions resulting from extended charging, unsuitable chargers, design flaws,[11] or user modifications.
The use of electronic cigarettes (vaping) carries many health risks, especially for children, young adults, and pregnant women.[1][2] The risk depends on the composition of electronic cigarette aerosol and varies according to the contents of the liquid, the physical and electrical design of the device, and user behavior.[notes 1][4] As of 2019, the long-term risks of vaping are uncertain because it is a relatively new technology,[notes 2][6][7][8][9] although the long-term risks of some individual substances in vaping aerosols have been studied. In United Kingdom vaping is considered to be around 95% less harmful than tobacco in a landmark review by Public Health of England.[10]
E-cigarette vapor has a different composition than cigarette smoke, and can have lower levels of some toxic chemicals.[11][6][12][13][14] E-cigarettes reduce lung function, reduce cardiac muscle function, and increase inflammation.[15][16] Traditional cigarettes have a higher damage record than vaping but inhaling nicotine has its own consequences.[17] The deadly 2019–20 vaping lung illness outbreak in North America was likely primarily caused by vitamin E acetate in THC-containing vaping liquid.[18] Other unidentified chemicals may also cause vaping-associated pulmonary injury.[19] The relationship between nicotine vaping and tobacco smoking is an area of active study and debate; including the relative health risk, whether electronic cigarettes should be promoted as a less harmful alternative to smoking or as a means to quit nicotine entirely, and whether or not the availability of electronic cigarettes recruits more people into nicotine dependence. Nicotine vaping produces more carcinogens and toxic substances than a medically-approved nicotine inhaler.[20] Health concerns extend to nearby people inhaling the vapor exhaled by others, in the same way as second-hand smoke.[21]
E-cigarettes create vapor that consists of fine and ultrafine particulate matter,[3] propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, flavors, small amounts of toxicants,[3][22] carcinogens,[23] heavy metals, and metal nanoparticles.[3] The harmful effects of nicotine itself can include cardiovascular disease, possible birth defects, and poisoning.[24] E-liquid can be contaminated by various substances introduced during manufacturing,[25] or by metal particles from the container.[11] Carbonyl compounds such as carcinogenic formaldehyde can inadvertently be produced if nichrome wire heating element becomes too hot. This is more of a concern with higher voltage (5.0 V[22]) vaping devices, which can generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde compared to smoking[26] and during "dry-puffing".[27]
Aside from toxicity exposure in normal use, there are also risks from misuse or accidents.[11] Such accidents can be through nicotine poisoning (especially among small children[23]),[28] contact with liquid nicotine,[29] fires caused by vaporizer malfunction,[3] and battery explosions resulting from extended charging, unsuitable chargers, design flaws,[11] or user modifications.
The use of electronic cigarettes (vaping) carries many health risks, especially for children, young adults, and pregnant women.[1][2] The risk depends on the composition of electronic cigarette aerosol and varies according to the contents of the liquid, the physical and electrical design of the device, and user behavior.[notes 1][4] As of 2019, the long-term risks of vaping are uncertain because it is a relatively new technology,[notes 2][6][7][8][9] although the long-term risks of some individual substances in vaping aerosols have been studied. In United Kingdom vaping is considered to be around 95% less harmful than tobacco in a landmark review by Public Health of England.[10]
E-cigarette vapor has a different composition than cigarette smoke, and can have lower levels of some toxic chemicals.[11][6][12][13][14] E-cigarettes reduce lung function, reduce cardiac muscle function, and increase inflammation.[15][16] Traditional cigarettes have a higher damage record than vaping but inhaling nicotine has its own consequences.[17] The deadly 2019–20 vaping lung illness outbreak in North America was likely primarily caused by vitamin E acetate in THC-containing vaping liquid.[18] Other unidentified chemicals may also cause vaping-associated pulmonary injury.[19] The relationship between nicotine vaping and tobacco smoking is an area of active study and debate; including the relative health risk, whether electronic cigarettes should be promoted as a less harmful alternative to smoking or as a means to quit nicotine entirely, and whether or not the availability of electronic cigarettes recruits more people into nicotine dependence. Nicotine vaping produces more carcinogens and toxic substances than a medically-approved nicotine inhaler.[20] Health concerns extend to nearby people inhaling the vapor exhaled by others, in the same way as second-hand smoke.[21]
E-cigarettes create vapor that consists of fine and ultrafine particulate matter,[3] propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, flavors, small amounts of toxicants,[3][22] carcinogens,[23] heavy metals, and metal nanoparticles.[3] The harmful effects of nicotine itself can include cardiovascular disease, possible birth defects, and poisoning.[24] E-liquid can be contaminated by various substances introduced during manufacturing,[25] or by metal particles from the container.[11] Carbonyl compounds such as carcinogenic formaldehyde can inadvertently be produced if nichrome wire heating element becomes too hot. This is more of a concern with higher voltage (5.0 V[22]) vaping devices, which can generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde compared to smoking[26] and during "dry-puffing".[27]
Aside from toxicity exposure in normal use, there are also risks from misuse or accidents.[11] Such accidents can be through nicotine poisoning (especially among small children[23]),[28] contact with liquid nicotine,[29] fires caused by vaporizer malfunction,[3] and battery explosions resulting from extended charging, unsuitable chargers, design flaws,[11] or user modifications.
The use of electronic cigarettes (vaping) carries many health risks, especially for children, young adults, and pregnant women.[1][2] The risk depends on the composition of electronic cigarette aerosol and varies according to the contents of the liquid, the physical and electrical design of the device, and user behavior.[notes 1][4] As of 2019, the long-term risks of vaping are uncertain because it is a relatively new technology,[notes 2][6][7][8][9] although the long-term risks of some individual substances in vaping aerosols have been studied. In United Kingdom vaping is considered to be around 95% less harmful than tobacco in a landmark review by Public Health of England.[10]
E-cigarette vapor has a different composition than cigarette smoke, and can have lower levels of some toxic chemicals.[11][6][12][13][14] E-cigarettes reduce lung function, reduce cardiac muscle function, and increase inflammation.[15][16] Traditional cigarettes have a higher damage record than vaping but inhaling nicotine has its own consequences.[17] The deadly 2019–20 vaping lung illness outbreak in North America was likely primarily caused by vitamin E acetate in THC-containing vaping liquid.[18] Other unidentified chemicals may also cause vaping-associated pulmonary injury.[19] The relationship between nicotine vaping and tobacco smoking is an area of active study and debate; including the relative health risk, whether electronic cigarettes should be promoted as a less harmful alternative to smoking or as a means to quit nicotine entirely, and whether or not the availability of electronic cigarettes recruits more people into nicotine dependence. Nicotine vaping produces more carcinogens and toxic substances than a medically-approved nicotine inhaler.[20] Health concerns extend to nearby people inhaling the vapor exhaled by others, in the same way as second-hand smoke.[21]
E-cigarettes create vapor that consists of fine and ultrafine particulate matter,[3] propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, flavors, small amounts of toxicants,[3][22] carcinogens,[23] heavy metals, and metal nanoparticles.[3] The harmful effects of nicotine itself can include cardiovascular disease, possible birth defects, and poisoning.[24] E-liquid can be contaminated by various substances introduced during manufacturing,[25] or by metal particles from the container.[11] Carbonyl compounds such as carcinogenic formaldehyde can inadvertently be produced if nichrome wire heating element becomes too hot. This is more of a concern with higher voltage (5.0 V[22]) vaping devices, which can generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde compared to smoking[26] and during "dry-puffing".[27]
Aside from toxicity exposure in normal use, there are also risks from misuse or accidents.[11] Such accidents can be through nicotine poisoning (especially among small children[23]),[28] contact with liquid nicotine,[29] fires caused by vaporizer malfunction,[3] and battery explosions resulting from extended charging, unsuitable chargers, design flaws,[11] or user modifications.
